This process can be performed in iterations until satisfaction of desired properties are ensured, and possible ambiguities and inconsistencies in requirements are resolved. Properties of interest are also derived from the structured requirements, and then model checking is used to formally verify the properties. Starting from structured requirements and system architecture design the behavioral models, including Rebeca models, are built. ![]() The actor-based textual modeling language, Rebeca, with model checking support is used for formal verification. Cyber-physical systems are distributed, concurrent, asynchronous and event-based reactive systems with timing constraints. In this paper, we propose a model-driven approach with a focus on guaranteeing safety using formal verification. Model-Driven Development is a promising approach to tackle the complexity of systems through the concept of abstraction, enabling analysis at earlier phases of development. Cyber-physical systems are now in every corner of our lives, and we need robust methods for handling the ever-increasing complexity of their software systems. Software systems are complicated, and the scientific and engineering methodologies for software development are relatively young. We make those assumptions explicit and clear. Our method relies on the assumption that the alignment of different timelines during the execution of the system is the responsibility of the underlying platforms. We focus on the cyber part and model a faithful interface to the physical part. We propose an approach for formal verification of cyberphysical systems using Lingua Franca, a language designed for programming cyberphysical systems, and Rebeca, an actor-based language designed for model checking distributed event-driven systems. When these conditions are not met (a common situation), a finer-grained event-based transition system model may be required. We describe a logical-time-based transition system model, which is commonly used for verifying programs written in synchronous languages, and derive the conditions under which such a model faithfully reflects physical states. The purpose of the transition system model is to enable model checking, an established and widely used verification technique. In this paper, we study different ways to construct a transition system model for the distributed and concurrent software components of a CPS. This relationship can be complex because of the real-time nature and different timelines of the physical plant, the sensors and actuators, and the software that is almost always concurrent and distributed. One can search for "screen time", "screen", etc, without the "screen-time" tag (but tags do have many other uses, such as for watching, organizing, etc).The value of verification of cyberphysical systems depends on the relationship between the state of the software and the state of the physical system. ![]() We have many tags already (but many tags have relatively fewer tags than the "screen" search results above). How to make my 18-month-old son eat without screen time?ġ0 year old's screen time: Studies and/or Government recommendations? Should we introduce screen time to our 27 month old? Up to how many hours of screen time is OK for a teenager for educational purposes? Yet, many threads either have one, narrow device tag (e.g., tagged with "computer", but actually applies to other screen types), or missing the device tag entirely: For example, see PubMed search, Results by year plot in the upper right corner (2008: 22 articles, 2018: 307 articles): The term "screen time" is becoming more popular with time. The "screen-time" tag can replace and make more generic many single-device, more narrow tags, for example, "smartphone", but only if in fact the Q&A thread is more generic and applicable to, for example, "smartphone" and "tablet".Ī brief search shows that "screen time" is a common topic on this stack (337 results as of this writing): The new "screen-time" tag may help in tagging and searching for questions about any screen time related issues that are applicable to more than one device type: TV, computer, tablet, smartphone, etc.
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